The GFX line of medium format mirrorless cameras was announced at Photokina 2016 with the showing of what became the 50mp 50S model. In 2018, Fujifilm introduced a second model, the 50R. Eventually, 100mp models were introduced, and they are now the primary models being sold.
These cameras use what we refer to as the small medium format sensor from Sony (about a .79x crop from 35mm film, or full frame). They also are Bayer sensors, not Fujifilm's own X-Trans design.